Isikhathi sokufunda esilinganiselwe: 19 imizuzu

Isingeniso

Ngikholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezidlo ze-ketogenic njengokwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungase kusetshenziswe kabi ngabantu ngabanye kanye nezikhungo zokwelapha. Ngicabanga ukuthi lena inkinga engaba khona. Ingabe zikhona izici ezijulile zengqondo nezenhlalo eziqhuba ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa? Nakanjani. Ingabe ngiphakamisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwengqondo nokusekelwa komphakathi akudingeki? Cha. Ngicabanga ukuthi zingaba wusizo olukhulu. Kodwa izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo nodokotela bengqondo, futhi ngokungagwegwesi, bonke abanye abantu abasebenzisa izikhungo zokwelashwa ukuze balulame, badinga ngempela ukuqonda ukuthi ukudla okune-ketogenic kungawathuthukisa kanjani amathuba okuthi abantu balulame ezinkingeni zokusebenzisa izidakamizwa.

Kukhona isayensi enhle kakhulu ekhombisa ukuthi ukudla kwe-ketogenic kungasiza kanjani ekululameni ekuluthweni. Ngakho-ke, le ndatshana ayibhalelwe kuphela udokotela wezengqondo, uchwepheshe wokulutha, noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo ofuna ukuthuthukisa insika yebhayoloji yemodeli yabo yokusebenza ye-biopsychosocial. Ayibhalelwanga i-MD noma omunye umuntu ochaza imithi eminingi esiyisebenzisayo ukuze sisize abantu banciphise izifiso noma baphathe imiphumela yokuhoxa njengengxenye yokululama kwabo. Lesi sihloko sibhalelwe umuntu onenkinga yokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa kanye nabantu ababathandayo.

Sizofunda mayelana nezinguquko ze-pathological ebuchosheni esizibona ekuphazamisekeni kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, ukuthi ukudla kwe-ketogenic kungaba kanjani ukwelashwa, kanye nokuhlolwa okuthakazelisayo kwemitholampilo okuthi, ngesikhathi salokhu kubhala, kuqashe abahlanganyeli. Okokugcina, sizophinde sethule ezinye izinkinga ezingase zibe khona, ngenkathi zingekho ezincwadini ngalesi sikhathi, kuzodingeka ziqhutshwe ngokufunda njengezidlo ze-ketogenic njengokwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwaziwa kakhulu futhi kufinyeleleke.

Ukubuyisela Amandla Obuchopho: Izidlo ze-Ketogenic kanye Nezinkinga Zokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa

Ukuphuza ngokweqile kwaziwa ngokushintsha indlela ubuchopho obusebenzisa ngayo uphethiloli. Kukhona ukuguquka kusuka ku-glucose kuya ku-acetate, i-metabolite yotshwala. Kulabo Abane-Alcohol Use Disorder, lolu shintsho luqhubeka ludlule isikhathi sokudakwa futhi luba umthombo wamafutha owamukelekayo ubuchopho obulindele futhi obujwayele. Ku-Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), kunesimo esingapheli futhi esiqhubekayo se-glucose yobuchopho ephansi kanye ne-acetate metabolism ephezulu. Lokhu akulona ulwazi olusha. Siyazi ukuthi i-glucose metabolism ayisebenzi kahle ekusetshenzisweni kotshwala kusukela ngo-1966 lapho u-Roach nozakwabo beshicilela isiphakamiso sabo sokuqala sokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-glucose metabolism kungase kube imbangela eyinhloko yokudakwa.

Uma othile ephuza utshwala futhi eyeka ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, ingqondo iyayeka ukuthola uphethiloli ewulindele futhi ihlonyiselwe ukuphatha.

Ngakho-ke, sicabanga ukuthi isimo sokushoda kwamandla okuxakayo ebuchosheni sivela ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kotshwala lapho amazinga e-acetate ku-plasma ehla nokuthi lokhu kunomthelela ezimpawu zokuhoxa kanye ne-neurotoxicity ezigulini ezine-AUD.

Wiers, CE, Vendruscolo, LF, Van der Veen, JW, Manza, P., Shokri-Kojori, E., Kroll, DS, … & Volkow, ND (2021). Ukudla kwe-Ketogenic kunciphisa izimpawu zokuhoxiswa kotshwala kubantu kanye nokuphuza utshwala kumagundane. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezesayensi, 7(15), ebf6780.

Kungani ubuchopho botshwala bungavele bubuyele emuva ku-glucose metabolism? Abacwaningi abasho, kodwa ngingasola ukuthi leyo mishini yehlisiwe noma yonakele ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative okwenzeka endaweni yokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Asikuboni nje lokhu kuphazamiseka kwe-glucose metabolism ekusetshenzisweni kotshwala. Kuphinde kube yinkinga ekusetshenzisweni kwe-opioid.

Ukwelashwa kwe-morphine kungehlisa-ukulawula izinga lokuvezwa kwama-enzyme athile e-metabolic, okuhlanganisa i-PDH, i-LDH, ne-NADH, ngaleyo ndlela kukhinyabeze imetabolism yamandla. 

Jiang, X., Li, J., & Ma, L. (2007). Ama-enzyme e-Metabolic axhumanisa ukuhoxiswa kwe-morphine nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Ucwaningo Lweseli, 17(9), 741-743. I-Jiang, X., Li, J. & Ma, L. Ama-enzyme e-Metabolic axhumanisa ukuhoxa kwe-morphine nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. I-Cell Res 17, I-741-743 (i-2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2007.75

Ukwelashwa kwe-morphine, isibonelo, kungehlisa-ukulawula izinga lokukhuluma lama-enzyme athile e-metabolic, okuhlanganisa i-PDH, i-LDH (i-lactate dehydrogenase), ne-NADH. Lokhu kulawulwa phansi kungaphazamisa i-metabolism yamandla ye-glucose ebuchosheni. I-PDH, ikakhulukazi, ibalulekile ekuguquleni i-pyruvate ibe i-acetyl-CoA, futhi ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wayo kungaba nomthelela omubi ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kushukela.

Abasebenzisi be-Methamphetamine asebeyekile ukuzithiba baphinde babonise izindawo ze-hypometabolism yobuchopho.

Sengiphetha, sibika ukuthi abasebenzisi be-MA abangaziboli behlise i-rCMRglc kundaba emhlophe yangaphambili kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha yangaphambili ekhubazekile...

Kim, S., Lyoo, I., Hwang, J. et al. I-Frontal Glucose Hypometabolism Kubasebenzisi Be-Methamphetamine Abangasebenzi. I-Neuropsychopharmacol 30, I-1383-1391 (i-2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300699

Imizimba ye-ketone, okuhlanganisa i-beta-hydroxybutyrate ne-acetoacetate, ihlukile ekhonweni layo lokuwela umgoqo wegazi nobuchopho futhi isetshenziswe amangqamuzana obuchopho. Banamandla okudlula imishini ephukile yokuthatha i-glucose. Uma esebuchosheni, ama-ketone aguqulwa abe yi-acetyl-CoA, abese engena emjikelezweni we-citric acid ukuze akhiqize i-ATP, okungamandla ubuchopho obungawasebenzisa ngaleso sikhathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ukuthi ubuchopho budinga amandla amaningi, futhi lokho kuyiqiniso ngokuphelele. Kudinga amanani amakhulu wamandla ukuze nje kugcinwe ukusebenza kobuchopho. Ama-ketones awumthombo ophelele wokuhlenga wezindawo zobuchopho eseziphenduke i-hypometabolic ezinkingeni zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa futhi ezingasakwazi ukusebenzisa i-glucose ngempumelelo.

Le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi ama-ketones empeleni angamandla ancanyelwayo wobuchopho ngoba angena ebuchosheni ngokulingana nokugxilwa kwawo ku-plasma kungakhathalekile ukutholakala kweglucose; uma izidingo zamandla zobuchopho zihlangatshezwa ngokwandayo ngama-ketones, ukumuncwa kwe-glucose kuncipha ngokufanele.

Cunnane, SC, Courchesne-Loyer, A., Vandenberghe, C., St-Pierre, V., Fortier, M., Hennebelle, M., … & Castellano, CA (2016). Ingabe ama-ketone angasiza ukuhlenga uphethiloli wobuchopho empilweni yakamuva? Imithelela empilweni yengqondo ngesikhathi sokuguga kanye nokwelashwa kwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Imingcele ku-neuroscience yamangqamuzana, 53. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00053

Njengoba kunikezwe impumelelo yokudla kwe-ketogenic ekubhekaneni ne-hypometabolism yobuchopho ezifweni ze-neurodeergenerative, kunengqondo ukucabangela izinzuzo zabo ezingaba khona ekuphazamisekeni kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (SUDs). Imithelela yezinzwa yama-SUD yabelana ngokufana naleyo ebonwa ekuguleni kwengqondo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa, (okubuye kuphendule kahle ekudleni kwe-ketogenic) futhi iphakamisa ukuthi ukudla okune-ketogenic kunganikeza indlela entsha yokusekela ukuguqulwa kwamandla obuchopho.

Ngokugudluza umthombo wamandla oyinhloko wobuchopho ngale ndlela, ukudla kwe-ketogenic kubonakala kunciphisa ukushoda kwamandla ebuchosheni okuvela ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kotshwala. Kusho ukuthini lokhu kubantu abazama ukululama? Enkingeni yokusetshenziswa kotshwala, siyazi ukuthi kusho ukuthi kunokuncipha kwezimpawu zokuhoxa kanye nezifiso.

Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni.

Futhi namanye ama-SUD abonisa izindawo ze-hypometabolism yobuchopho, ngibheja kukwenza uzibuze ukuthi ukudla kwe-ketogenic kungabasiza kanjani, futhi.

I-Neuroinflammation Ekusetshenzisweni Kwezidakamizwa: Indlela I-Ketogenic Diet Inikeza Ngayo Ukukhululwa

I-Neuroinflammation idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni nasekuqhubekeleni phambili kokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (ama-SUD) okunomthelela ongathi sína ekusebenzeni kwengqondo kanye nokuqhuba izinguquko ze-pathogenic ezakhiweni zobuchopho. Kubantu abanenkinga yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, izingxenye ezithile zamasosha omzimba zingasebenza ngokweqile futhi zibangele ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungase kukhulise amazinga amasignali athile emzimbeni abangela ukuvuvukala, njenge-TNF-α, IL-1, ne-IL-6.

Lokhu kubalulekile ekwelashweni ngoba ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni kungaba nomthelela omkhulu endleleni ubuchopho obusebenza ngayo, futhi lokhu kungase kuthinte imicabango yomuntu, imizwa yakhe nokuziphatha kwakhe. Kubantu abanenkinga yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, lokhu kuvuvukala kungaba nomthelela ezifisweni futhi kwenze kube nzima ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izinto. Kungase futhi kuthinte inkumbulo, ukwenza izinqumo, nokulawula ngokomzwelo, kukwenze kube inselele ukubhekana nokucindezeleka nezinye izinto ezibangela ukuba umuntu abuyele emuva. Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kungenza uhambo lokululama lube nzima kakhulu ngokuthinta ikhono lomuntu lokucabanga ngokucacile, ukwenza izinqumo ezinhle, nokulawula izifiso nemizwelo.

Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kuphazamiseka kwezimpawu ezivela ekuvuvukeni kobuchopho okungahloliwe kuthinta indlela ubuchopho obusebenza ngayo futhi kube nomthelela ezimpawu nokuqhubekela phambili kokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ama-cytokines avuvukalayo ohlobo esilubonayo kulezi zinkinga angaholela ezinguqukweni eziqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-basal ganglia kanye ne-dopamine (DA), ebonakala ngokuntula injabulo, ukukhathala, kanye nokuncipha kwe-psychomotor. Kungaba futhi iqhaza ekuholeni ekuphenduleni okuncishisiwe kwe-neural emvuzweni ye-hedonic, ukuncipha kwama-metabolite e-DA, ukuphinda kuthathwe kabusha, kanye nokuncipha kwenzuzo ye-presynaptic DA. Lezi zimpendulo ezivusa amadlingozi zingase zibe nomthelela emiklomelweni edalwe yizidakamizwa kanye nokubuyela emuva kwezidakamizwa.

I-basal ganglia ne-dopamine (DA) yizingxenye ezibalulekile zohlelo lokuvuza lobuchopho, olubhekele ukuzwa kwenjabulo nokugqugquzeleka.

Uma lezi zindawo zithinteka ukuvuvukala, kungaphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo lokuvuza. Ziholela ekuntuleni injabulo emisebenzini eyake yajabulisa (i-anhedonia), futhi ukukhathala okuhlangenwe nakho kunciphisa isisusa somuntu sokuhlanganyela emisebenzini ejabulisayo. Sonke sizibonile thina noma abanye abane-SUD behlupheka ngale ndlela lapho bezama ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa.

Angifuni ucabange ukuthi ukuhlupheka okuqhubekayo nokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kumayelana ne-dopamine. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-basal ganglia nayo ihileleke ekuqondeni nasekuzizweni. Ukuvuvukala kungase kuthinte lezi zinqubo, kube nomthelela ekushoda kwengqondo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo esikubona kulabo abaphethwe yilezi zinkinga.

Angifuni ukukushiya nombono wokuthi I-Alcohol Use Disorder yiyona kuphela I-Substance Use Disorder enomthelela ekuvuvukeni okungapheli kwe-neuroinflammation. Ubuchopho obunokunye ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (ama-SUD) ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kotshwala (AUD) nakho kungakhombisa izimpawu zokuvuvukala. Izinto eziningi zokuhlukumeza, njenge-opioid, i-cocaine, ne-methamphetamine, ziboniswa ezincwadini zocwaningo ukwandisa i-neuroinflammation.

Ngenhlanhla, ukudla kwe-ketogenic (KD) kuboniswe ukuthi kudlala indima ye-neuroprotective kuma-SUD ngokunciphisa i-neuroinflammation.

Ungayilungisa kanjani i-neuroinflammation futhi uphulukise ukudangala kwakho - Ukudla

Abantu abane-AUD abanamathela ekudleni kwe-ketogenic (KD) - ukudla okunamafutha amaningi kanye nama-carbohydrate aphansi - babonise amazinga aphansi alezi zimpawu zokuvuvukala uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abalandela ukudla okujwayelekile kwe-American (SA). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-KD ingase isebenze ekwehliseni ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.

Ngaphandle kokuba ama-substrates wamandla, ama-KB aphinde asebenze njengabalamuli besignali be-intracellular, ababamba iqhaza kuma-cascades wokusayina we-intracellular futhi alawule i-neuroinflammation ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, ikakhulukazi i-βHB.

Jiang, Z., Yin, X., Wang, M., Chen, T., Wang, Y., Gao, Z., & Wang, Z. (2022). Imiphumela yokudla kwe-ketogenic ku-neuroinflammation ezifweni ze-neurodeergenerative. Ukuguga nezifo, 13(4), i-1146. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.1217

I-Metabolism iyinqubo engcolile. Ikakhulukazi uma uthembele kumafutha afana neglucose. Izidlo ze-Ketogenic zishintsha imetabolism ekuthembeleni ku-glucose ekusebenziseni ama-ketones njengomthombo wamandla oyinhloko, okusho ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwabaxhumanisi abathintekayo kanye nokwanda okudingekayo kakhulu ekukhiqizeni abaxhumanisi abaphikisana nokuvuvukala. I-Ketone metabolism "ihlanzekile," yenza ukungcola kwe-ROS okuncane, futhi idala umonakalo omncane ukuze ubuchopho obudonsayo bubhekane nabo.

Izidlo ze-Ketogenic nazo zinemiphumela eqondile yokulwa nokuvuvukala enamandla ngempela. Lokhu bakwenza ngokushintsha izindlela zokubonisa ukuvuvukala ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo esisodwa ikhono lokudla ukuvimbela indlela ye-NF-κB futhi kuncishiswe ukukhiqizwa kwama-cytokines ane-pro-inflammatory njenge-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) ne-interleukin-6 (IL-6), ehilelekile impendulo yokuvuvukala.

I-βHB ingabophezela ku-HCA2 ukuze iqhubeke nokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwama-cytokines ane-pro-inflammatory nama-enzyme ngendlela ye-NF-κB ku-activated primary microglia pretreated nge-βHB futhi ivuselelwe nge-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Jiang, Z., Yin, X., Wang, M., Chen, T., Wang, Y., Gao, Z., & Wang, Z. (2022). Imiphumela yokudla kwe-ketogenic ku-neuroinflammation ezifweni ze-neurodeergenerative. Ukuguga nezifo, 13(4), i-1146. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.1217

I-gut microbiome nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala. Amagciwane athile amathumbu angakhiqiza ama-metabolite anemiphumela elwa nokuvuvukala, kanti amanye angakhiqiza ama-metabolite anemiphumela ekhuthaza ukuvuvukala. Ukudla kwe-ketogenic kudume ngokungananazi ngekhono laso lokushintsha ukwakheka kwe-gut microbiome, kunomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwalawa ma-metabolites futhi kamuva kuguqule ukuvuvukala. Ukudla kuye kwaboniswa ukwandisa inala yamabhaktheriya anenzuzo akhiqiza ama-fatty chain acids (SCFAs) ukuze asize ukukhiqiza imiphumela ephikisana nokuvuvukala.

Ukudla kwe-Ketogenic kanye ne-Gut Microbiome

Ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kunomthelela oqondile ezingeni lokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative ubuchopho okufanele bubekezelele, okusiletha esigabeni esilandelayo salesi sihloko. Uma udidekile kancane mayelana nomehluko phakathi kokuvuvukala nokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative nokuthi kuhlotshaniswa kanjani, ngincoma kakhulu lesi sihloko ukuze sisize ukusicacisa ngaphambi kokuthi uqhubeke nokufunda kwakho kokuthunyelwe kwakhe.

Ukube Ubuchopho Bakho BekuyiDolobha: Ukuqonda Ukucindezeleka Kwe-Oxidative kanye Neuroinflammation

Ukulwa Nokucindezeleka Kwe-Oxidative kanye Nokungasebenzi Kwe-Mitochondrial: Indima Yokuzivikela Yokudla Kwe-Ketogenic Ezinkinga Zokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa

Ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kwenzeka lapho kukhona ukungalingani phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwe-ROS kanye nekhono lomzimba lokususa ubuthi kulawa ma-molecule ayingozi. Ibhalansi phakathi kokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS) kanye nekhono lomzimba lokusingatha umonakalo eziwudalayo kubizwa ngokuthi i-oxidative stress.

Ingabe sibona ingcindezi ye-oxidative ekuphazamisekeni kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa? Uyabheja ukuthi senzeni!

Ukuhlaziya kwethu kubonise ukuthi abantu abane-SUD bakhombisa izimpawu eziphezulu ze-oxidant kanye nezimpawu eziphansi ze-antioxidant kunezilawuli ezinempilo.

Viola, TW, Orso, R., Florian, LF, Garcia, MG, Gomes, MGS, Mardini, EM, … & Grassi‐Oliveira, R. (2023). Imiphumela yokuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kumaki wokucindezeleka we-oxidative kanye ne-antioxidative: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta. Isiyaluyalu Biology, 28(1), i-e13254. https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.13254

Ngakho-ke, kuyakhuthaza ukwazi ukuthi ukudla okune-ketogenic kunomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lokuzivikela lwe-antioxidant lomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukukhushulwa kwe-superoxide dismutase (SOD2). I-Superoxide dismutase (SOD) iwumndeni wama-enzyme abangela ukuguqulwa kwe-superoxide ibe umoya-mpilo ne-hydrogen peroxide. Akumangalisi ukuthi i-SOD2 (aka MnSOD) iwuhlobo lwe-SOD oluhlala ku-mitochondria, futhi umsebenzi wayo wonke ukuvikela i-mitochondria ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative. Ngakho-ke, ngokuphakamisa i-SOD2, ukudla kwe-ketogenic kusiza ukuqeda ubuthi be-superoxide radicals, okuwumthombo omkhulu wokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, nokuvikela umsebenzi we-mitochondrial.

Njengokungathi lokho kwakungeyona into ehlaba umxhwele ngokwanele, ukudla kwe-ketogenic kuye kwaboniswa ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-glutathione. I-Glutathione iyi-antioxidant enamandla kakhulu eyenziwe ngumzimba wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi unokuzivikela kwamaselula ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.

I-Glutathione kanye nokudla kwe-ketogenic

I-Glutathione iqukethe ama-amino acid amathathu: i-cysteine, i-glycine, ne-glutamate. Inemisebenzi eminingi! Isiza ukushayela ukukhishwa kobuthi bezinto eziyingozi, ukugcinwa kwebhalansi ye-redox yeselula, nokuvikelwa kwamaseli emonakalweni obangelwa ama-radicals mahhala nama-peroxides.

I-NADPH, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyi-coenzyme edlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni komzimba. Ibandakanyeka ku-biosynthesis yama-fatty acids nama-steroids, kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-glutathione. Ukwanda kwe-NADPH kuqinisekisa ukutholakala okwanele kwale coenzyme ukusekela izindlela zokuzivikela ezilwa ne-antioxidant emzimbeni. Futhi kwenzeka nje ukuthi ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi ukudla kwe-ketogenic kulawula ukwanda kwe-NADPH.

Ndawonye, ​​lezi zingxenye zisebenza ngokubambisana ukuze zenze uhlelo lokuvikela olunamandla olusiza ukugcina ubuqotho beselula futhi luvimbele umonakalo ovela ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative, ngokuqhubekayo nokukhanyisa izindlela eziyisisekelo lapho ukudla kwe-ketogenic kusiza khona abantu abane-SUD. Ngokukhulisa amandla abo e-antioxidant nokuvikela emonakalweni we-oxidative, ukudla kwe-ketogenic kuyasiza ekunikezeni izinga lokuvikela i-pharmacology yamanje engakwazi.

Ngokungeziwe kule miphumela ehlaba umxhwele ngempela kuma-antioxidants, ukudla kwe-ketogenic nakho kuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-mitochondrial futhi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative. Ukudla kuvuselela izindlela eziningi, kukhuphula amaprotheni abalulekile abandakanyeka ohlelweni lwe-oxidative phosphorylation, umjikelezo we-Krebs, kanye ne-fatty acid oxidation. Lokhu kuholela ekwandeni komsebenzi we-mitochondrial ngokujwayelekile futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukwanda kwamaprotheni e-mitochondrial uncoupling (UCPs), avikela i-mitochondria ekulimaleni kwe-oxidative kanye nokungasebenzi kahle.

Yini eyenziwa yi-mitochondria?

Lokhu kwanda kwama-UCP, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), isekela impilo ye-mitochondrial kanye nomsebenzi. Uma ungazi ukuthi lisho ukuthini lelo sobho lezinhlamvu, ungakhathazeki. Umongo wayo i-PPARγ kanye ne-PGC-1α zombili izinhlobo zezinto ezilotshiweyo, okusho ukuthi zingamaprotheni asiza ukuvula noma ukuvala ufuzo oluthile ngokubophezela ku-DNA eseduze. Into epholile ukuthi zingama-modulators anamandla okucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative. Uma icushiwe, i-PPARγ ingakhuphula ukuvezwa kwama-enzyme e-antioxidant futhi inciphise ukukhiqizwa kwama-cytokines ane-pro-inflammatory, ngaleyo ndlela ibe nomthelela ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative nokuvuvukala emzimbeni. I-PGC-1α isebenza njengomlawuli wezinhlelo ze-antioxidant ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izivikelo ze-antioxidant zilungele ukubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative okungase kuvele.

Kepha cishe ngeke ungikholwe uma ngikutshela ukuthi kukhona enye indlela ukudla kwe-Ketogenic (KD) okunomthelela ngayo ekugcineni ingcindezi ye-oxidative. Baphinde baboniswa ukuthi bashintsha amazinga e-adenosine ebuchosheni, benikeza imiphumela ye-neuroprotective ne-antiepileptogenic. I-Adenosine iyi-neurotransmitter ebalulekile esiza ukuvimbela ukuquleka nokuvikela ubuchopho ekulimaleni. Ngokwandisa amazinga e-adenosine, i-KD ithuthukisa izindlela zokuzivikela zemvelo zobuchopho futhi ivikele ekucindezelekeni kwemizwa, yengeze esinye isendlalelo ezinzuzweni eziningi ze-KD ekulweni nokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative nokusekela ubuchopho obuzama ukululama ku-SUD.

Ama-Neurotransmitters kanye Nezinhlelo Zomvuzo kuma-SUD: Umthetho Wokulinganisa Wokudla Kwe-Ketogenic

Ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (ama-SUD) yizimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezibandakanya ukusebenzisana kwezinto zofuzo, imvelo, kanye nezici ze-neurobiological. Siyazi ukuthi uhlelo lomvuzo lobuchopho ludlala indima ekuthuthukisweni nasekugcinweni kwama-SUD. Ama-Neurotransmitters (NTs) ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali ezidlulisa amasignali ashayela uhlelo lokuvuza ebuchosheni, futhi ukuguqulwa kwalezo zinhlelo kungaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwama-SUD.

Ukulutha kuyinqubo eyinhloko edala ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, futhi ucwaningo olusebenzisa amamodeli ezilwane nabantu lwembule imininingwane ebalulekile kumasekethe we-neural nama-molecule alamula ukulutheka.

I-Kalin, NH (2020). Ukuphazamiseka kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kanye nokulutheka: izindlela, izitayela, kanye nemithelela yokwelashwa. I-American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(11), i-1015-1018. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20091382

Sesixoxile kakade nge-Dopamine (DA) kwezinye izindawo zalesi sihloko, kodwa ngiphinde ngiyiveze engxoxweni yendima yayo ezigabeni zokuqala zokulutha ngoba ibalulekile emiphumeleni evuzayo eyingozi yezinto. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kuqhubeka, ukuqagela kwe-glutamatergic kuba okuvelele kakhulu. I-Glutamate, i-NT evusa amadlingozi eyinhloko ebuchosheni, ibandakanyeka ezinguqukweni ze-neuroplasticity ezinciphisa inani lemivuzo yemvelo, ezinciphisa ukulawulwa kwengqondo, futhi zikhuthaze ukuziphatha okuphoqelekile kokufuna izidakamizwa. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-glutamate homeostasis kuyisici esibalulekile se-neurometabolic sama-SUD.

Inani elithile le-glutamate kufanele licutshungulwe ku-GABA evimbelayo, kodwa izinguquko ezinhlelweni ze-GABAergic ezivame ukubonakala ku-SUD zingaholela ekwandeni kokukhathazeka nengcindezi, kubhebhethekise ukuphazamiseka. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwezinga eliphelele lomsebenzi ovimbelayo ebuchosheni, okubalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi phakathi kwesasasa nokuvimbela, kunomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa okungahlelekile. Izinhlelo ezengeziwe ze-NT, njenge-serotonin, i-epinephrine, ne-norepinephrine, nazo ziyaphazamiseka kuma-SUD, okuholela ekwandeni kokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka futhi kube nomthelela emjikelezweni wokulutha.

Nakulokhu, imiphumela eminingi yokudla kwe-ketogenic inganikeza ithemba. Ngokuhlela amazinga alawa ma-NT kanye nokuzinzisa amandla okusebenza kobuchopho, ukudla kwe-ketogenic kungasiza ukubuyisela ibhalansi kumjikelezo womvuzo wobuchopho futhi kunciphise ukulangazelela izinto ezihlukumezayo. Isibonelo, ukudla kuboniswe kwandisa ukusebenza kwe-GABA, okungasiza ekudambiseni ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka futhi kuthuthukise isimo sengqondo. Kuphinde kukhonjiswe ukushintsha amazinga e-glutamate, serotonin, kanye ne-dopamine, angase azinzise isimo sengqondo futhi anciphise ukungasebenzi kahle ngokomzwelo okuvame ukubonakala kuma-SUD.

Ikwenza kanjani lokhu? Asazi ngokuphelele, kodwa siyazi ukuthi ukudla okune-ketogenic kunomthelela ekulawuleni ugesi ebuchosheni kuma-neurons, okuhlobene ngqo nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-neurotransmitter. Ukulawulwa kukagesi kuma-neurons kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kobuchopho okuvamile futhi kukhiqizwa iziteshi ze-ion nama-synaptic receptors. Le misebenzi kagesi iyizinqubo ezibalulekile ezenza ukukhululwa nokwamukela ama-neurotransmitters kuma-synapses.

Isibonelo, lapho amandla esenzo efinyelela ku-synapse, aqala ukukhululwa kwama-neurotransmitters, abe esebophezela kuma-synaptic receptors ku-postsynaptic neuron. Lokhu kubophezela kuholela ekushintsheni kwamandla e-membrane kanye nokubonisa okwengeziwe kukagesi. Ukusebenza kahle kwalolu hlelo kubalulekile kumjikelezo womvuzo wobuchopho, ovame ukungalawuleki kuma-SUD.

Ukudla kuthinta abalawuli bakagesi ebuchosheni, okuhlanganisa iziteshi ze-ATP-sensitive K+, iziteshi ze-Ca2+ ezincike ku-voltage, ama-glutamate receptors ohlobo lwe-AMPA, nama-adenosine A1 receptors, phakathi kokunye. Ungavumeli wonke la magama amahle ongase uwazi noma ongawazi akuphazamise. Lezi zilawuli ezinamandla ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zenze i-neuronal inhibition futhi zithuthukise ukugeleza kwamangqamuzana eseli, okuholela ekuboniseni i-neurotransmitter esebenza kahle kakhulu. Lena enye yezindlela imiphumela yokudla kwe-ketogenic ehlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-neurotransmitter, okusiza ukuqinisekisa ukukhululwa okufanele nokwamukelwa kwama-neurotransmitters kuma-synapses.

Ngakho-ke, lapho ngikutshela ukuthi ukudla kwe-ketogenic kunikeza indlela ehlukahlukene yokubhekana nokungalingani kwe-NT kanye nokungasebenzi kahle okubonwa kuma-SUD, ubungeke, ngalesi sikhathi, umangale. Ubufakazi obukhulayo obusekela izinzuzo zokudla kwe-ketogenic ekwelapheni ezinye izimo ze-neurological and psychiatric kugcizelela amandla ayo ekubhekaneni nokuhlangana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-NT dysfunctions kuma-SUD.

Isiphetho

Uma wena noma othile omthandayo ehlushwa ama-SUD, uyawazi umthwalo ewubeka kubantu ngabanye, imindeni, kanye nomphakathi uwonke. Kuyafuneka ukuthi sihlole futhi sisebenzise ukungenelela okuphumelelayo okungenza umehluko ngempela ezimpilweni zalabo abathintekile. Ukudla kwe-ketogenic, okunomthelela wayo ohlukahlukene ebuchosheni, kunikeza ithemba. Akulona nje ushintsho lokudla, kodwa ithuluzi elinamandla lokwelapha elingabhekana nezimbangela ezingokomzimba zama-SUD futhi lenze lula ukululama okuhlala njalo.

Ngakho-ke, ingxabano yami ukuthi ukudla kwe-ketogenic kufanele kunikezwe njengengxenye evamile yokwelashwa kuzo zonke izikhungo zokwelashwa kokulutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthi abanikezeli kanye nabeluleki bezidakamizwa bathole imfundo eqhubekayo ngezinzuzo kanye nokuqaliswa kokudla kwe-ketogenic ekwelapheni ama-SUD. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi bakuhlomele kahle ukunikeza lokhu kungenelela okubalulekile ezigulini zabo, ekugcineni kube nomthelela emiphumeleni eyimpumelelo yokwelashwa kwama-SUD.

Ukudla kwe-ketogenic kumelela ushintsho lwepharadigm endleleni yethu yokwelapha ama-SUD. Ngokubhekana nokungalingani okuyisisekelo kwe-metabolic kanye nokungasebenzi okunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni nasekugcinweni kwama-SUD, ukudla kwe-ketogenic kunikeza ukungenelela okuphelele nokuphumelelayo okungenza umehluko ngempela ezimpilweni zalabo abathintekayo. Ngiyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana echaza le ndlela esekelwe ebufakazini izoba nesandla ekuzivumelaniseni kwayo okubanzi nokuhlanganiswa nezinga lokunakekelwa kwama-SUD, ekugcineni kube neqhaza ekusaseni eliqhakazile lalabo abalwa nokulutheka.

Uma wena, noma othile omthandayo, angathanda ukubamba iqhaza ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo eziqasha labo abalapha:

https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Substance%20Use%20Disorder&intr=Ketogenic%20Diet

Kodwa ungabi nomuzwa wokuthi kufanele ulinde ukuhlolwa komtholampilo ukuze uzuze. Ngethemba ukuthi ungathola isikhungo sokwelashwa esiseduze nawe (noma esingekho eduze nawe) usebenzisa ukudla okune-ketogenic kwe-Substance Use Disorder (SUD), noma ungahlanganisa ithimba lakho lokwelapha kusukela kodokotela abakhona be-ketogenic metabolic therapy, ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo, kanye nodokotela. professional engasiza ngemiyalelo.

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