I-Ketogenic Diet: I-Molecular Signaling Therapy Enamandla Yobuchopho
Isikhathi sokufunda esilinganiselwe: 6 imizuzu
Ungase ungakuqapheli, kodwa umzimba we-ketone BHB, okhiqizwa lapho ulandela ukudla kwe-ketogenic, i-agent enamandla yokubonisa amangqamuzana. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi sizobheka imiphumela ye-BHB kuma-neurons akho kanye nezindlela zofuzo ezithintekile. Ngakho-ke, ake singene ezweni elithakazelisayo lokubonisa umzimba we-ketone. 🌊
Abacwaningi basanda kuhlola imiphumela ye-BHB ku-basal autophagy, mitophagy, ne-mitochondrial kanye ne-lysosomal biogenesis kuma-neurons e-cortical cultured enempilo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu cwaningo lwenziwe esitsheni se-petri, hhayi ezintweni eziphilayo. Noma kunjalo, okutholakele kuyathakazelisa ngempela.
Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi i-D-BHB yandisa amandla e-membrane ye-mitochondrial futhi ilawula i-NAD+/Isilinganiso se-NADH. I-D-BHB ithuthukise amazinga enuzi e-FOXO1, i-FOXO3a kanye ne-PGC1α ngendlela encike ku-SIRT2 futhi yavuselela i-autophagy, mitophagy kanye ne-mitochondrial biogenesis.
Gómora-García, JC, Montiel, T., Hüttenrauch, M., Salcido-Gómez, A., García-Velázquez, L., Ramiro-Cortés, Y., … & Massieu, L. (2023). Umphumela Womzimba We-Ketone, i-D-β-Hydroxybutyrate, ku-Sirtuin2-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondrial Quality Control kanye ne-Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway. Amaseli, 12(3), i-486. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12030486
Ungafunda kabanzi ngale misebenzi ebalulekile ye-mitochondrial kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi engikubhalile.
Okokuqala, ake ngicacise ukuthi lolu cwaningo belusebenzisa i-D-BHB. I-DBHB iyi-ketone efana ne-bio ye-ketone ekhiqizwa umzimba wakho lapho uphula amafutha abe yi-ketone. Uma ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe nge-D-BHB ungase uthande ukufunda lesi sihloko sebhulogi engibhale ngaso leso sihloko!
Ake sibuyele kulokho abakuthola!
Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ukuchayeka kwe-D-BHB kuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-mitochondrial futhi kuvuselela i-autophagy, i-mitophagy ne-mitochondrial biogenesis ngokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwezici zokuloba ezinhlobonhlobo zezakhi zofuzo.
Ukulawulwa kwezici zokuloba kusho ukuthi inani noma umsebenzi wamaprotheni athile uyakhuphuka, okungase kukhuphule ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo eziwalawulayo.
Yiziphi izakhi zofuzo ababone i-D-BHB inomthelela?
I-FOX01 kanye ne-FOX03a
I-FOXO1 ne-FOXO3a yizici zokuloba ezidlala indima ebalulekile enhlobonhlobo yezinqubo zamaselula, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, i-metabolism, kanye nokusabela kwengcindezi. Bathole ukuchayeka kwe-D-BHB kuphakamisa inkulumo ye-FOXO1 ne-FOXO3a. Lezi izindlela ezikhuthaza ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezibandakanyeka ku-mitochondrial kanye ne-lysosomal biogenesis. Kungani lokhu kubalulekile?
Ngoba ukulawulwa kwe-FOXO1 ne-FOXO3a nge-D-BHB kuthuthukisa ikhono lama-neurons ukuthuthukisa amandla e-metabolism, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, nokuthuthukisa ukuchithwa kwemfucuza yamaselula.
I-FOXO1 ne-FOXO3a zaziwa ngokuvula nokukhuthaza ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ku-mitochondrial biogenesis, njenge-PGC-1α, NRF1, ne-TFAM.
I-PGC-1α, i-NRF1, ne-TFAM zonke ziyizakhi zofuzo ezihlanganisa amaprotheni egama elifanayo. Lapho lezi zakhi zofuzo zivezwa, amaprotheni angumphumela (PGC-1α, NRF1, ne-TFAM) asebenza ndawonye ukuze akhuthaze inqwaba yobuhle bokubonisa amangqamuzana engifuna ukukutshela ngawo!
I-PGC-1a
I-PGC-1α, noma i-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, iyiphrotheni edlala indima ebalulekile ekudaleni nasekugcineni i-mitochondria enempilo kuma-neurons. Ifeza lokhu ngokugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwe-mitochondria entsha kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhono le-mitochondria ekhona ukukhiqiza amandla.
I-PGC-1α ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-mitochondria entsha kuma-neurons ngokuvula izakhi zofuzo ezibandakanyeka ku-mitochondrial biogenesis, inqubo okwakhiwa ngayo i-mitochondria entsha. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ama-neurons ane-mitochondria eyanele ukuze asekele izimfuno zawo zamandla aphezulu. Ukwengeza, i-PGC-1α ithuthukisa ikhono le-mitochondria ekhona ukukhiqiza amandla ngokuvula izakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ku-phosphorylation ye-oxidative, inqubo i-ATP ekhiqizwa ngayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PGC-1α yaziwa ngokulawula ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme e-antioxidant avikela i-mitochondria ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative. Ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kuwuhlobo lokucindezeleka olungalimaza i-mitochondria nezinye izingxenye zeselula futhi lungaholela ekungasebenzi kahle kwe-neuronal nokufa kweseli.
I-D-BHB, umzimba we-ketone okhiqizwa ngokwezinto eziphilayo abantu abawukhiqizayo ekudleni kwe-ketogenic, isiza i-PGC-1α ukuthi isebenze kangcono ukwenza i-mitochondria eyengeziwe futhi isiza leyo mitochondria ukuthi isebenze kangcono. Futhi njengokungathi lokho akwanele, kukusiza ukuthi wenze ama-antioxidants owadingayo ukuze unciphise ingcindezi ye-oxidative.
I-NRF1
I-NRF1, noma i-nuclear factor 1, iyisici sokuloba esidlala indima ebalulekile ekudalweni nasekugcinweni kwe-mitochondria enempilo. Isebenza ngokuvula izakhi zofuzo ezikhiqiza amaprotheni adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwe-mitochondrial. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi i-mitochondria ingakhiqiza amandla ngendlela efanele.
I-Mitochondria yi-organelles eyinkimbinkimbi edinga amaprotheni ahlukahlukene ukuze asebenze kahle. Amanye ala maprotheni akhiqizwa kuyi-nucleus yengqamuzana bese athuthelwa ku-mitochondria. I-NRF1 isiza ukuxhumanisa le nqubo ngokuvula izakhi zofuzo ezikhiqiza lawa maprotheni. Lawa maprotheni ahlanganisa lawo adingekayo ekukhiqizeni amandla kanye nalabo abathintekayo ekugcinweni kwesakhiwo se-mitochondrial kanye nokulawulwa kokuphindaphinda kwe-mtDNA.
I-NRF1 ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-mitochondrial ngoba ilawula ukuvezwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ku-phosphorylation ye-oxidative, inqubo edingekayo ekukhiqizeni i-ATP, imali eyinhloko yamandla yeseli. Iphinde ibandakanye ekulawuleni i-mitochondrial biogenesis, inqubo okwakhiwa ngayo i-mitochondria entsha.
Ngaphandle kwendima yayo ekusebenzeni kwe-mitochondrial, i-NRF1 iphinde ibe nomthelela ekulawuleni izimpendulo zokucindezeleka kwamaselula. Ihilelekile ekusebenzeni kwezakhi zofuzo ezivikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative, uhlobo lokucindezeleka olungalimaza i-mitochondria nezinye izingxenye zeselula.
I-D-BHB, umzimba we-ketone okhiqizwa ngokwezinto eziphilayo abantu abawukhiqizayo ekudleni kwe-ketogenic, isiza i-NRF1 ukuthi isebenze kangcono ukwenza i-mitochondria eyengeziwe, ilawule ukukhiqizwa kwamandla nokusiza ukuvikela ubuchopho bakho ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.
I-TFAM
I-TFAM, emele i-mitochondrial transcription factor A, iyiphrotheni edlala indima ebalulekile ekudaleni nasekugcineni i-mitochondria enempilo. Ifeza lokhu ngokukhuthaza ukuphindaphinda kwe-mtDNA. I-TFAM ibophezela ku-mtDNA futhi isebenza njengohlobo “lwesilawuli esikhulu” sokuphindaphinda kwe-mtDNA. Uma i-TFAM ikhona, ikhombisa iseli ukuthi lenze amakhophi engeziwe e-mtDNA.
Ukuphindaphinda kwe-mtDNA kubalulekile ekudalweni kwe-mitochondria entsha. Njengoba amaseli ekhula futhi ehlukana, adinga ukwakha i-mitochondria entsha ukuze asekele izidingo zawo zamandla ezikhulayo. Uma ukuphindaphinda kwe-mtDNA kungenzeki kahle, iseli lingase lingakwazi ukudala i-mitochondria entsha eyanele, okuholela ekwehleni kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nemiphumela engase ibe yingozi kuseli.
I-D-BHB, umzimba we-ketone okhiqizwa ngokwezinto eziphilayo abantu abawukhiqizayo ekudleni kwe-ketogenic, isiza i-TFAM ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-mitochondria entsha ingadalwa.
Isiphetho
Ngakho ngifuna ukucaciseleka ngokuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukudla okune-ketogenic kuwuphawu olunamandla lwezakhi zofuzo, ukwelashwa kwe-metabolic ebuchosheni.
Lokhu kuwukubonakaliswa kwamangqamuzana okunamandla kakhulu kunalokho oyoke ukuthole ngamajikijolo aluhlaza kanye ne-salmon. Ngikwazi kanjani lokhu?
Ngoba abantu abaningi baye bahamba emzileni we-blueberry ne-salmon futhi abakwazanga ukuhlenga isimo sengqondo nokusebenza kwengqondo eduze nezinga ababhekana nalo ngokudla okune-ketogenic.
Cishe usuvele uzame umzila wamajikijolo kanye ne-salmon, noma ubungeke ube isivakashi kubhulogi yami. Ngifuna wazi ukuthi akulona iphutha lakho ukuthi amajikijolo aluhlaza nesaumoni akwenzanga okwanele.
Ubungakazitholi zonke izindlela ongazizwa ungcono ngazo okwamanje.
Okubhekwayo
UCuenoud, B., Hartweg, M., Godin, JP, Croteau, E., Maltais, M., Castellano, CA, … & Cunnane, SC (2020). I-Metabolism ye-D-beta-hydroxybutyrate yangaphandle, i-substrate yamandla esetshenziswa kakhulu inhliziyo nezinso. Imingcele Kwezokudla, 13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32140471/
Gómora-García, JC, Montiel, T., Hüttenrauch, M., Salcido-Gómez, A., García-Velázquez, L., Ramiro-Cortés, Y., … & Massieu, L. (2023). Umphumela Womzimba We-Ketone, i-D-β-Hydroxybutyrate, ku-Sirtuin2-Mediated Regulation of Mitochondrial Quality Control kanye ne-Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway. Amaseli, 12(3), i-486. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12030486
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