I-β-Hydroxybutyrate - Ingabe usawoti we-BHB wonke udalwe ulingana?
Isikhathi sokufunda esilinganiselwe: 6 imizuzu
Kunemizimba emithathu ye-ketone edalwe ekudleni kwe-ketogenic. Le mizimba ye-ketone yi-acetoacetate (AcAc), i-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), ne-acetone. I-Acetoacetate ingumzimba wokuqala we-ketone okhiqizwa ekuqhekekeni kwamafutha esibindini. Ingxenye ye-acetoacetate bese iguqulwa ibe i-beta-hydroxybutyrate, umzimba we-ketone ogcwele kakhulu futhi ozinzile ojikelezayo.
Nakuba imizimba emithathu ye-ketone ikhiqizwa ekudleni kwe-ketogenic, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kumayelana ne-BHB. Kunesithakazelo esikhulu ekukhiqizeni iBHB yomuntu siqu ngokusebenzisa ukudla okune-ketogenic kanye nokwengeza. Abantu abaningi basebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-ketones angaphandle ukusiza impilo yobuchopho babo.
Le misebenzi yokubonisa i-BHB ihlanganisa kabanzi imvelo yangaphandle ekulawuleni izakhi zofuzo ze-epigenetic kanye nokusebenza kwamaselula, futhi izenzo zabo zingase zihambisane nezifo ezihlukahlukene zabantu kanye nokuguga komuntu.
U-Newman, JC, & Verdin, E. (2017). I-β-Hydroxybutyrate: i-metabolite ekhombisayo. Ukubuyekezwa konyaka komsoco, 37, I-51-76. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064916
Kodwa ngifuna uqonde ukuthi kunomehluko othile kumafomu e-BHB atholakalayo.
I-D-BHB (D-beta-hydroxybutyrate) kanye ne-L-BHB (L-beta-hydroxybutyrate) ziyizinhlobo ezimbili ze-ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate, futhi empeleni zingama-stereoisomers. Ngamagama alula, angama- molecule abelana ngefomula yamakhemikhali efanayo kanye nesakhiwo kodwa anezinhlelo ezihlukene zama-athomu emkhathini, okuwenza abe isibuko sezithombe zamanye.
Umehluko wangempela phakathi kwalokhu okubili usezindimeni zabo zebhayoloji nomsebenzi owenziwayo emzimbeni. I-D-BHB iwuhlobo olusebenza ngokwebhayoloji, okusho ukuthi yilo elibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kanye nemetabolism.
Uma ulandela ukudla kwe-ketogenic noma ukuzila ukudla, isibindi sakho sikhiqiza i-D-BHB njengomzimba oyinhloko we-ketone. Isebenza njengomthombo wamandla ohlukile wobuchopho bakho, inhliziyo, nemisipha lapho i-glucose iyindlala. I-D-BHB ifomu eliye laboniswa ukuthi linemiphumela ehlukahlukene emihle ezinqubweni zamaselula, njengokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-mitochondrial, i-autophagy, kanye ne-mitochondrial biogenesis.
Konke lokhu kubalulekile empilweni yobuchopho! Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nalezi zinqubo ze-mitochondrial lapha kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi engikubhalile:
Ngokuphambene, i-L-BHB iwuhlobo lwe-biologically olungasebenzi lwe-beta-hydroxybutyrate. Ikhiqizwa ngamanani amancane emzimbeni futhi inemisebenzi elinganiselwe ye-metabolic. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ucwaningo lwakamuva seluqala ukwembula izindima ezingaba khona ze-L-BHB ezinqubweni ezihlukene zamaselula.
Ngabe i-L-BHB iphenduka kanjani i-D-BHB?
Emzimbeni womuntu, ukuguqulwa kwe-L-BHB ku-D-BHB kwenzeka ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-stereoisomerization. Emhlabeni wamangqamuzana, i-stereoisomerization iyinqubo lapho i-molecule ishintsha ukuhlelwa kwayo kwe-athomu enezinhlangothi ezintathu, iguqule isitiriyo esisodwa sibe kwesinye ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kwama-athomu sisonke. Lolu shintsho ekuhlelweni kwendawo lungaholela ekuhlukeni kwezakhiwo nemisebenzi ye-isomer ewumphumela. (Uma unenkinga yokubuka le ncazelo, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi iwukufundwa okufanele, njengoba inezithombe ezinhle kakhulu ezidalwe abantu abahlakaniphe kakhulu).
Ezweni le-BHB, ukuguqulwa kuqhutshwa i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1), ekhona ku-mitochondria yamaseli, ngokuyinhloko esibindi.
I-enzyme i-BDH1 igqugquzela ukuguqulwa okubuyiselekayo phakathi kwama-stereoisomer amabili, i-L-BHB ne-D-BHB. Ukusabela kufaka phakathi i-coenzyme NAD+/NADH. Lapho kukhona i-BDH1 ne-NAD+, i-L-BHB ifakwe i-acetoacetate ngenkathi yehlisa i-NAD+ ibe yi-NADH. Ngokulandelayo, i-acetoacetate ingancishiswa ibuyele ku-D-BHB, i-NADH ifakwe i-oxid ibuyele ku-NAD+ kule nqubo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le nqubo yokuguqulwa kwe-interconversion ayisebenzi kahle kakhulu, njengoba i-L-BHB ikhona emzimbeni ngamanani amancane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-D-BHB, futhi i-enzyme BDH1 inobudlelwane obuphezulu be-D-BHB. Ngenxa yalokho, iningi lemizimba ye-ketone esetshenziselwa amandla yi-D-BHB, okuyifomu elisebenzayo le-biologically elibhekene nezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo ezihlobene ne-ketosis.
Ulwazi olujulile lwezenzo ezingapheli ze-BHB, namathuluzi athuthukisiwe okuletha i-BHB noma ukuphindaphinda imiphumela yayo, inikeza isithembiso sokuthuthukisa ubude bempilo yabantu nokuphila isikhathi eside.
UNewman, uJohn C., no-Eric Verdin. "β-Hydroxybutyrate: i-metabolite ekhombisayo." Ukubuyekezwa konyaka komsoco 37 (2017): 51-76. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6640868/
Hlobo luni lwe-BHB engiluthathayo?
Iningi le-ketone salts emakethe liyingxube ye-D-BHB ne-L-BHB. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inqubo yokukhiqiza usawoti we-ketone ngokuvamile ibangela ingxube ye-racemic, equkethe amanani alinganayo ama-stereoisomers amabili, i-D-BHB ne-L-BHB. Le mikhiqizo ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "usawoti we-BHB we-racemic" noma "usawoti we-BHB."
I-D-BHB i-ketogenic ngokuphawulekayo futhi inikeza amakholori ambalwa kunengxube ye-racemic ye-BHB noma i-triglyceride ye-medium chain.
UCuenoud, B., Hartweg, M., Godin, JP, Croteau, E., Maltais, M., Castellano, CA, … & Cunnane, SC (2020). I-Metabolism ye-D-beta-hydroxybutyrate yangaphandle, i-substrate yamandla esetshenziswa kakhulu inhliziyo nezinso. Imingcele Kwezokudla, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00013
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-D-BHB iyifomu elisebenzayo le-biologically, eliye lahlotshaniswa nezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo ezishiwo emizimbeni ye-ketone, njengokuthuthukiswa kwamandla okuguquguquka, ukusebenza kwengqondo, nezinqubo zamaselula. I-L-BHB, ukungasebenzi kangako kwebhayoloji, ayifaki isandla kangako kulezi zinzuzo.
Lapho uhlola ama-ketones egazi lakho I-Keto-Mojo (isixhumanisi esihlangene), nanoma iyiphi enye idivayisi yokuqapha i-ketone yegazi, kufanele wazi ukuthi balinganisa i-D-BHB kuphela. Ngakho-ke uma udla usawoti we-electrolyte we-racemic (D/L-BHB), ukwanda kwamazinga e-plasma L-BHB abonwa imitha yakho ye-ketone yegazi.
Nakuba ama-salts e-BHB e-racemic evame kakhulu, ezinye izinkampani seziqalile ukukhiqiza futhi zimakethe izithasiselo ze-ketone eziqukethe kuphela ifomu le-D-BHB, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-D-BHB salts" noma "i-D-BHB esters." Le mikhiqizo ihlose ukunikeza izinzuzo zemizimba ye-ketone ngokuphumelelayo ngokuletha ngokukhethekileyo i-isomer ye-D-BHB esebenzayo ye-biologically. Kodwa-ke, izithako ze-D-BHB zivame ukubiza kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nosawoti we-BHB we-racemic ngenxa yenqubo yokukhiqiza eyinkimbinkimbi ehilelekile ekuhlukaniseni i-isomer ye-D-BHB.
Kungani ngingasebenzisa usawoti womjaho we-BHB kuyilapho ngingathola ifomu le-D-BHB?
Uma kuziwa ku-L-BHB, yenza kuphela ingxenye encane-ezungeze i-2-3% - yokukhiqiza kwethu okuphelele kwe-BHB ngesikhathi sokuzila ukudla. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekucabangeni ukuthi i-L-BHB ingase ingabi nemisebenzi ebalulekile emzimbeni. Kodwa ucwaningo seluqalile ukukhombisa ukuthi i-L-BHB yenza okungaphezu nje kokulenga nje ilinde ukuphendulwa i-D-BHB. Kutholakala ukuthi kuhileleke kumetabolism futhi kungaba nezindima ezingaphezu nje kokuba indawo ephakathi ku-beta-oxidation yamafutha.
Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwakamuva lusebenzise inqubo yokuhlaziya nokulinganisa ukusatshalaliswa kwe-L-BHB ne-D-BHB isomers ezicutshini ezahlukene zamagundane, kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokuphathwa kwesengezo se-racemic ketone esiqukethe womabili ama-isomer. Bathole ukuthi umthamo owodwa ophezulu we-racemic ketone supplement equkethe kokubili i-L-BHB ne-D-BHB ibangele ukwanda okukhulu kwe-L-BHB kuzo zonke izicubu, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni.
Amasiko amaseli anikeza izinkomba zokuthi i-L-BHB inezinzuzo ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala. Futhi kubonakala sengathi ukuba kokubili i-L-BHB ne-D-BHB ndawonye ekujikelezeni ngesikhathi esifanayo kungasiza ekulawuleni ukusebenza komzimba.
Ngeke ngilahle ngokuphelele i-L-BHB njengesengezo se-ketone esingaphansi kwe-exogenous okwamanje.
Ucwaningo lusaqhubeka.
Lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi i-D- ne-L-BHB inezinga elihlukile lokumunca nokusabalalisa kuzo zonke izicubu kanye neziphetho ezihlukahlukene ze-metabolic ezingase zibe nemiphumela ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kokwelapha, futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe kufanele lubhekane nendlela ama-ketones athonya ngayo izicubu ngayinye ngokuhlukile.
Pereira, D. (2022, Agasti 14). Kungani sikudinga kokubili i-D-BHB ne-L-BHB? I-KetoNutrition. https://ketonutrition.org/why-do-we-need-both-d-bhb-and-l-bhb/
Isiphetho
Uma ungakwazi ukuthola izandla zakho kwenye i-D-BHB, qhubeka futhi ubone ukuthi uyayithola yini ukuthi ikusebenzela kangcono kune-L-BHB. Kodwa uma ungakwazi, noma ungakwazi ukukhokhela ifomu elifana kakhulu ne-bio, ungathuki. Ngisebenzisa i-L-BHB kulokho engisola ukuthi ingxube ye-racemic, futhi ngikuthola kuwusizo ngempela ebuchosheni bami. Ngiphinde ngiyincome kubantu engisebenza nabo. Futhi ngiyajabula ukulandela izincwadi zocwaningo eziphuma ukuze ngifunde kabanzi.
Ngithemba ukuthi uthole lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kuwusizo ekufundeni zonke izindlela ongazizwa ungcono ngazo!
Okubhekwayo
UCuenoud, B., Hartweg, M., Godin, JP, Croteau, E., Maltais, M., Castellano, CA, … & Cunnane, SC (2020). I-Metabolism ye-D-beta-hydroxybutyrate yangaphandle, i-substrate yamandla esetshenziswa kakhulu inhliziyo nezinso. Imingcele Kwezokudla, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00013
Desrochers, SYLVAIN, Dubreuil, PASCAL, Brunet, JULIE, Jette, MANON, David, FRANCE, Landau, BR, & Brunengraber, HENRI (1995). I-Metabolism ye-(R, S)-1, 3-butanediol acetoacetate esters, imisoco engaba ngumzali kanye ne-enteral ezingulubeni eziqaphile. I-American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 268(4), i-E660-E667. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.4.E660
U-Han, YM, Ramprasath, T., & Zou, MH (2020). I-β-hydroxybutyrate kanye nemiphumela yayo ye-metabolic ku-pathology ehambisana neminyaka. Umuthi Wokuhlola Nowe-Molecular, 52(4), i-548-555. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-020-0415-z
ULincoln, BC, Des Rosiers, C., & Brunengraber, H. (1987). I-Metabolism ye-S-3-hydroxybutyrate esibindini segundane esinephunga elimnandi. Izingobo zomlando ze-Biochemistry kanye ne-Biophysics, 259(1), i-149-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(87)90480-2
U-Newman, JC, & Verdin, E. (2017). I-β-Hydroxybutyrate: i-metabolite ekhombisayo. Ukubuyekezwa konyaka komsoco, 37, I-51-76. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064916
Storoschuk, K., & Ari D'Agostino, C. “Kungani sikudinga kokubili i-D-BHB ne-L-BHB?” Keto Nutrition: Isayensi kuya Isicelo. (Aug 14, 2022). https://ketonutrition.org/why-do-we-need-both-d-bhb-and-l-bhb/
Youm, YH, Nguyen, KY, Grant, RW, Goldberg, EL, Bodogai, M., Kim, D., … & Dixit, VD (2015). I-ketone metabolite β-hydroxybutyrate ivimba i-NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease. Imithi yemvelo, 21(3), i-263-269. https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.3804
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